{
 "snapshot": "2026-07-22",
 "verification": "NCT identifiers verified against ClinicalTrials.gov; DOI and PMID verified against PubMed and journal records. Identifiers supplied by third parties are not published unless independently confirmed.",
 "trials": [
  {
   "id": "surmount1",
   "name": "SURMOUNT-1",
   "drug": "tirzepatide",
   "year": 2022,
   "journal": "N Engl J Med",
   "citation": "Jastreboff AM, et al. N Engl J Med 2022;387(3):205-216",
   "nct": "NCT04184622",
   "pmid": "35658024",
   "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2206038",
   "id_status": "verified",
   "design": "Phase 3 RCT, 72 weeks, placebo-controlled, doses 5/10/15 mg",
   "population": "Adults with obesity or overweight, without type 2 diabetes",
   "n": 2539,
   "result": "Mean weight reduction up to about 20.9% at 15 mg vs 3.1% placebo",
   "headline": 20.9,
   "safety": "Predominantly gastrointestinal adverse events, mostly mild-moderate, during dose escalation",
   "funding": "Eli Lilly and Company"
  },
  {
   "id": "surmount2",
   "name": "SURMOUNT-2",
   "drug": "tirzepatide",
   "year": 2023,
   "journal": "Lancet",
   "citation": "Garvey WT, et al. Lancet 2023;402(10402):613-626",
   "nct": "NCT04657003",
   "pmid": "37385274",
   "doi": "10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01200-X",
   "id_status": "verified",
   "design": "Phase 3 RCT, 72 weeks, placebo-controlled, 10/15 mg",
   "population": "Adults with obesity or overweight AND type 2 diabetes",
   "n": 938,
   "result": "Mean weight reduction about 12.8% to 14.7% vs 3.2% placebo",
   "headline": 14.7,
   "safety": "Gastrointestinal events most common; hypoglycaemia uncommon without insulin or secretagogue",
   "funding": "Eli Lilly and Company"
  },
  {
   "id": "surmount3",
   "name": "SURMOUNT-3",
   "drug": "tirzepatide",
   "year": 2023,
   "journal": "Nature Medicine",
   "citation": "Wadden TA, et al. Nat Med 2023",
   "nct": "NCT04657016",
   "pmid": "",
   "doi": "10.1038/s41591-023-02597-w",
   "id_status": "verified",
   "design": "Phase 3 RCT, 72 weeks after a 12-week intensive lifestyle lead-in",
   "population": "Adults with obesity/overweight without diabetes who first lost at least 5% with lifestyle intervention",
   "n": 579,
   "result": "Substantial additional reduction after lifestyle lead-in; 87.5% achieved a further 5% or more vs 16.5% placebo",
   "headline": null,
   "safety": "Mostly mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal adverse events",
   "funding": "Eli Lilly and Company"
  },
  {
   "id": "surmount4",
   "name": "SURMOUNT-4",
   "drug": "tirzepatide",
   "year": 2024,
   "journal": "JAMA",
   "citation": "Aronne LJ, et al. JAMA 2024;331(1):38-48",
   "nct": "NCT04660643",
   "pmid": "38078870",
   "doi": "10.1001/jama.2023.24945",
   "id_status": "verified",
   "design": "Randomised withdrawal: 36-week open-label lead-in at maximum tolerated dose, then 52 weeks continue vs placebo",
   "population": "Adults with obesity or overweight, without type 2 diabetes",
   "n": 670,
   "result": "Continued treatment maintained and modestly extended weight loss; withdrawal to placebo produced substantial regain",
   "headline": null,
   "safety": "Adverse-event profile consistent with earlier SURMOUNT trials",
   "funding": "Eli Lilly and Company"
  },
  {
   "id": "surmount5",
   "name": "SURMOUNT-5",
   "drug": "tirzepatide vs semaglutide",
   "year": 2025,
   "journal": "N Engl J Med",
   "citation": "Aronne LJ, et al. N Engl J Med 2025;393(1):26-36",
   "nct": "NCT05822830",
   "pmid": "40353578",
   "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2416394",
   "id_status": "verified",
   "design": "Phase 3b open-label head-to-head RCT, 72 weeks, maximum tolerated dose of each drug",
   "population": "Adults with obesity or overweight with a weight-related comorbidity, without diabetes",
   "n": 751,
   "result": "Tirzepatide superior to semaglutide for weight and waist circumference at week 72 (waist -18.4 cm vs -13.0 cm)",
   "headline": null,
   "safety": "Most events mild-moderate during escalation; GI events causing discontinuation 2.7% tirzepatide vs 5.6% semaglutide",
   "funding": "Eli Lilly and Company"
  },
  {
   "id": "surmountosa",
   "name": "SURMOUNT-OSA",
   "drug": "tirzepatide",
   "year": 2024,
   "journal": "N Engl J Med",
   "citation": "Malhotra A, et al. N Engl J Med 2024;391(13):1193-1205",
   "nct": "NCT05412004",
   "pmid": "38912654",
   "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2404881",
   "id_status": "verified",
   "design": "Two 52-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (with and without PAP therapy)",
   "population": "Adults with obesity and moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea (AHI 15 or higher)",
   "n": 469,
   "result": "Significant reduction in apnoea-hypopnoea index vs placebo, with weight, hypoxic burden, hsCRP and systolic blood-pressure improvements",
   "headline": null,
   "safety": "Gastrointestinal adverse events most common",
   "funding": "Eli Lilly and Company"
  },
  {
   "id": "summit",
   "name": "SUMMIT",
   "drug": "tirzepatide",
   "year": 2025,
   "journal": "N Engl J Med",
   "citation": "Primary publication citation pending verification",
   "nct": "NCT04847557",
   "pmid": "",
   "doi": "",
   "id_status": "partial",
   "design": "Phase 3 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial",
   "population": "Adults with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and obesity",
   "n": 731,
   "result": "Reported 38% reduction in the composite of cardiovascular death or worsening heart-failure events",
   "headline": null,
   "safety": "Reported consistent with the tirzepatide class profile",
   "funding": "Eli Lilly and Company"
  },
  {
   "id": "surmountmaintain",
   "name": "SURMOUNT-MAINTAIN",
   "drug": "tirzepatide",
   "year": 2026,
   "journal": "Lancet",
   "citation": "Horn DB, Aronne LJ, Wharton S, et al. Lancet. Published online 12 May 2026",
   "nct": "NCT06047548",
   "pmid": "",
   "doi": "10.1016/S0140-6736(26)00656-2",
   "id_status": "verified",
   "design": "Phase 3b, 112-week, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 20 US sites",
   "population": "Adults with obesity who reached a bodyweight plateau after 60 weeks on tirzepatide at maximum tolerated dose",
   "n": 378,
   "result": "Continuing at maximum tolerated dose maintained -21.9% bodyweight reduction; reducing to 5 mg maintained -16.6%; switching to placebo fell to -9.9% (treatment difference vs placebo -12.0% and -6.6%, p<0.0001 both)",
   "headline": null,
   "safety": "Consistent with the established tirzepatide profile",
   "funding": "Eli Lilly and Company"
  },
  {
   "id": "surpasscvot",
   "name": "SURPASS-CVOT",
   "drug": "tirzepatide vs dulaglutide",
   "year": 2025,
   "journal": "N Engl J Med",
   "citation": "Nicholls SJ, Pavo I, Bhatt DL, et al. N Engl J Med 2025;393(24):2409-2420",
   "nct": "NCT04255433",
   "pmid": "41406444",
   "doi": "10.1056/NEJMoa2505928",
   "id_status": "verified",
   "design": "Event-driven, randomised, double-blind, active-comparator trial vs dulaglutide; median follow-up 4 years",
   "population": "Adults with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease",
   "n": 13299,
   "result": "Tirzepatide was NONINFERIOR to dulaglutide for the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or stroke (12.2% vs 13.1%; noninferiority p=0.003) but did NOT meet superiority (p=0.09)",
   "headline": null,
   "safety": "Consistent with established incretin therapies",
   "funding": "Eli Lilly and Company"
  },
  {
   "id": "synergynash",
   "name": "SYNERGY-NASH",
   "drug": "tirzepatide",
   "year": null,
   "journal": "",
   "citation": "",
   "nct": "",
   "pmid": "",
   "doi": "",
   "id_status": "pending",
   "design": "Phase 2 trial with histologic endpoints",
   "population": "Adults with MASH (formerly NASH) and fibrosis",
   "n": null,
   "result": "",
   "headline": null,
   "safety": "",
   "funding": "Eli Lilly and Company"
  }
 ]
}